A reader recently inquired about a psychological phenomenon known as dissociation, particularly in relation to sociopaths. Specifically, are sociopaths or psychopaths considered to experience this condition, and does it play a role in their behavior?
Types of Dissociation
Dissociation can refer to two different but related psychological concepts. The first type is a defense mechanism triggered by stress. This form of dissociation, known as peritraumatic dissociation, occurs during traumatic events and can lead to a distorted perception of reality, affecting one’s sense of time, memory, and sensory experiences. For instance, individuals experiencing trauma may feel as if time has stopped or that their surroundings are unreal. Research suggests that androgens, hormones present in both men and women, can help protect against this type of dissociation. For more technical insights, consider reading about Symptoms of Dissociation in Humans Experiencing Acute, Uncontrollable Stress.
The Modular Nature of the Mind
The second type of dissociation relates to the modular nature of the mind. This idea posits that we don’t engage all parts of our brain simultaneously; instead, different emotional states activate different neural circuits. Some experts propose that testosterone may disrupt connections between the cerebral cortex and the limbic system, enhancing this type of dissociation. This modularity in mental functioning has been linked to sociopathy and psychopathy. In the words of Robert Rieber, “The true psychopath compels the psychiatric observer to ask the perplexing question: Why doesn’t that person have the common decency to go crazy?”
Dr. Rieber argues that psychopaths can appear completely normal and sane, which allows them to effectively dissociate from any guilt that would typically arise from their antisocial actions. He further suggests that while some psychopaths may possess a degree of guilt, it often remains dissociated from their conscious awareness, enabling them to act without remorse.
Thus, there may be a significant connection between sociopathy/psychopathy and dissociation, dependent on how one defines the term.
Further Resources
If you’re interested in more resources on the differences between sociopaths and psychopaths, WebMD offers excellent insights. Furthermore, for a deeper understanding of self-aggrandizement and its effects, refer to Out of the Fog’s top 100 traits.
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